卢布暴跌！俄罗斯卖家该如何应对

当地时间11月27日，俄罗斯卢布兑美元汇率一度大跌超8.5%，并跌破1美元兑110卢布。自上周四以来，卢布兑美元累计跌幅超过12%。

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据央视新闻报道，当地时间11月27日，俄罗斯央行发表声明称，俄罗斯央行将从当地时间11月28起至2024年底，暂停在俄罗斯国内市场购买外币。俄罗斯央行表示，此决定将有助于减少金融市场的波动，俄罗斯央行将在2025年初根据该国实际经济情况再行决定是否恢复购买外币。

发生了什么事？

在卢布大跌这个节点上，主要有两件事值得大家去关注。第一件事是“近七天卢布持续下跌”是什么原因造成的？自上周四以来，卢布对美元累计跌幅超过12%，卢布对欧元的跌幅超过13%。

时间倒回七天前，11月21日，美国财政部外国资产控制办公室（OFAC）发表声明，宣布对俄罗斯天然气工业银行、50多家俄罗斯中小银行、40多家俄罗斯证券机构和15名俄罗斯金融官员实施制裁。（被制裁的机构名单过长，小编已整理好放在文末了）另一件事是俄乌冲突已进入危急阶段。俄罗斯外长拉夫罗夫27日表示，乌克兰使用西方国家提供的远程武器袭击俄罗斯本土，俄罗斯将对此进行报复。11月28日，乌克兰遭大规模袭击。

回想起美国竞选期间，特朗普曾多次表示，如果再次当选美国总统，他可以在24小时内解决俄乌冲突问题。对此，克宫发言人佩斯科夫表示，问题太复杂，不可能那么容易解决。德商银行外汇分析师Tatha Ghose表示，由于制裁和地缘冲突影响了俄罗斯的能源和大宗商品贸易，导致基本面疲弱，卢布在过去一周大幅贬值。

卖家如何应对？

面对俄罗斯的卢布下跌，卖家也不必过于恐慌。在当地时间11月27日，俄央行宣布暂停购买外汇之后，卢布开始走强。同日，美国三大股指小幅收跌。

面对现在的卢布汇率下跌，跨境卖家可以这样做：修改价格：在近期可以先将改一下商品价格，提防因汇率差造成过大损失。

打造品牌力：市场的波动也带来了新的机会。

及时将品控、质量、口碑做起来，提高品牌商品的质量和品牌影响力，这样即使价格高一些，也会有买家愿意购买。工作上降本增效：通过提高运营效率和优化成本来抵消卢布贬值带来的影响。市场多元化：虽然卢布贬值对俄罗斯市场有影响，但中国卖家可以利用这个机会了解、开拓其他市场，比如东南亚，以分散风险。

长期视角：长期来看，俄罗斯市场的需求仍然存在。

机会总是留给有准备的人，通过持续的市场观察和适时的战略调整，卖家可以抓住市场复苏的机遇。保持乐观的态度，积极应对市场变化，有助于大家在挑战中寻找到新的机会。

制裁名单

11月21日，美国财政部外国资产控制办公室（OFAC）制裁名单：

一、此次制裁涉及的1家中国实体

• GPB FINANCIAL SERVICES HONG KONG LIMITED（香港），31/F, Tower Two, Times Square, 1 Matheson Street, Hong Kong, China; Room 1307-8, Dominion Center 43-59, Queen's Road East, Hong Kong, China; Suite 5711, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Hong Kong, China; 二级制裁风险: See Section 11 of Executive Order 14024.; Target Type Financial Institution; alt. Target Type State-Owned Enterprise; Company Number 2045244 (Hong Kong); Legal Entity Number 254900ITGX90ZPLVYA65; Business Registration Number 62825785 (Hong Kong) [RUSSIA-EO14024] (Linked To: GAZPROMBANK JOINT STOCK COMPANY). 

二、VTB Bank Public Joint Stock Company 俄罗斯VTB上海分支机构的3名员工

• Elena Fedkina is a VTB Shanghai Relationship Manager. 

• Ilya Lishenko is VTB Shanghai’s Senior Relationship Manager. 

• Roman Logov is VTB Shanghai’s Deputy General Manager. 

三、对俄罗斯金融机构和银行的制裁

名单1——数十家俄罗斯银行

根据第 14024 号行政令，以下俄罗斯金融机构和个人因在俄罗斯联邦经济的金融服务部门经营或曾经经营而被认定为俄罗斯金融机构和个人：

1. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Bank Agroros is a bank headquartered in Saratov, Russia.

2. Bank Iturup LLC is a bank headquartered in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia. 

3. BBR Bank Joint Stock Company is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

4. BCS Bank AO is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

5. Bratsky Narodny Bank JSC is a bank headquartered in Bratsk, Russia.

6. Centrocredit Bank is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia. 

7. Commercial Bank Energotransbank Joint Stock Company is a bank headquartered in Kaliningrad, Russia. 

8. Commercial Bank Khlynov Joint Stock Company is a bank headquartered in Kirov, Russia. 

9. Commercial Bank Kremlyovskiy is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia. 

10. Commercial Joint Stock Bank Viking is a bank headquartered in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

11. Corporate Finance Bank LLC is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

12. Evrofinance Mosnarbank is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia. Evrofinance Mosnarbank was previously designated pursuant to E.O. 13850.

13. Fora Bank Joint Stock Commercial Bank is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

14. Garant Invest Bank Joint Stock is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia. 

15. Interstate Bank is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia. 

16. Joint Stock Commercial Bank National Reserve Bank Joint Stock Company (NRB)is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia. Daniel Haindl (Haindl) is the Senior Vice President of NRB. In his role at NRB, Haindl has been involved in a sanctions evasion scheme.

17. Joint Stock Commercial Bank Slavia Joint Stock Company is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.                                                                 

18. Joint Stock Commercial Mortgage Bank Akibank Public Joint Stock Company is a bank headquartered in Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia.

19. Joint Stock Company Auto Finance Bank is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

20. Joint Stock Company Bank Accept is a bank headquartered in Novosibirsk, Russia. 

21. Joint Stock Company Bank Dom RF is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia. 

22. Joint Stock Company Bank Finservice is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

23. Joint Stock Company Bank United Capital is a bank headquartered in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

24. Joint Stock Company Coalmetbank is a bank headquartered in Chelyabinsk, Russia.

25. Joint Stock Company Commercial Bank Ural FD is a bank headquartered in Perm, Russia. 

26. Joint Stock Company Guta Bank is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

27. Joint Stock Company NS Bank is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

28. Joint Stock Company Public Trust Bank is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia. 

29. Joint Stock Company Royal Credit Bank is a bank headquartered in Vladivostok, Russia.

30. Joint Stock Company Severgazbank is a bank headquartered in Vologda, Russia. 

31. Joint Stock Investment Commercial Bank Eniseisk United Bank is a bank headquartered in Krasnoyarsk, Russia. 

32. JSC Exi Bank is a bank headquartered in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

33. JSCB Energobank is a bank headquartered in Kazan, Russia.

34. Kamsky Commercial Bank is a bank headquartered in Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia.

35. Limited Liability Company Bank Orange is a bank headquartered in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

36. Limited Liability Company Bank Round is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

37. Limited Liability Company Krona Bank is a bank headquartered in Irkutsk, Russia.

38. MB Bank is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.MB Bank, also known as Mir Business Bank, is the Russia-based wholly-owned subsidiary of Iran’s Bank Melli Iran. MB Bank was previously designated previously designated pursuant to E.O. 13224 and E.O. 13582.

39. National Standard Bank Joint Stock Company is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

40. New Moscow Bank is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia. 

41. NK Bank Joint Stock Company is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

42. Primorsky Territorial Commercial Bank Society with Limited Liability is a bank headquartered in Vladivostok, Russia. 

43. Public Joint Stock Commercial Bank Derzhava is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia. 

44. Public Joint Stock Company Bank Alexandrovsky is a bank headquartered in Saint Petersburg, Russia. 

45. Public Joint Stock Company Bank Sinara is a bank headquartered in Yekaterinburg, Russia.

46. Public Joint Stock Company Finstar Bank is a bank headquartered in Saint Petersburg, Russia. 

47. Public Joint Stock Company Metkombank is a bank headquartered in Kamensk-Uralskiy, Russia.

48. Public Joint Stock Company National Bank Trust is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia. 

49. Public Joint Stock Social Commercial Bank of Primorye Primsotsbank is a bank headquartered in Vladivostok, Russia. 

50. Rossita Bank is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

51. Russian Public Joint Stock Commercial Roads Bank is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia. 

52. Russian Universal Bank is a bank located in Moscow, Russia.

53. Vitabank PJSC is a bank headquartered in Podolsk, Russia. 

54. Waybank JSC is a bank headquartered in Moscow, Russia.

名单二——俄罗斯证券登记处

以下俄罗斯金融机构作为注册商，并根据 14024 号行政令被指定为在俄罗斯联邦经济的金融服务部门运营或曾经运营的金融机构：

1. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Agentstvo Regionalnyi Nezavisimyi Registrator is a registrar based in Tula, Russia, and Lipetsk, Russia.

2. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Mezhregionalnyi Registratorskii Tsentr is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

3. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Natsionalnaya Spetsializirovannaya Finansovaya Kompaniya is a registrar based in Novosibirsk, Russia.

4. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Nezavisimaya Registratorskaya Kompaniya R.O.S.T. is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

5. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Professionalnyi Registratsionnyi Tsentr is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

6. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Registrator Kapital is a registrar based in Yekaterinburg, Russia.

7. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Spetsializirovannyi Registrator Kompas is a registrar based in Novokuznetsk, Russia.

8. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Surgutinvestneft is a registrar based in Surgut, Russia.

9. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Vedenie Reestrov Kompanii is a registrar based in Yekaterinburg, Russia.

10. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Independent Specialized Depository is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

11. AO Reestr is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

12. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Registratsionnaya Kompaniya Tsentr Invest is a registrar based in Irkutsk, Russia, and Moscow, Russia.

13. Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Depozitarnaya Kompaniya Region is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

14. Evroaziatskii Registrator is a registrar based in Kazan, Russia.

15. AO Spetsializirovannyi Depozitarii Infinitum is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

16. Joint Stock Company Aktiv is a registrar based in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

17. Joint Stock Company Industria Reestr is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

18. Joint Stock Company RDC Paritet is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

19. Joint Stock Company Registrator Intraco is a registrar based in Perm, Russia.

20. Joint Stock Company Registry Society Status is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

21. JSC DRAGA is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia, and Saint Petersburg, Russia.

22. JSC Republican Specialregistrar Yakut Fund Center is a registrar based in Yakutsk, Russia.

23. JSC RT Registrar is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

24. JSC Service Reestr is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

25. JSC Noviy Registrator is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

26. Korporativnaya Registratorskaya Kompaniya is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

27. Limited Liability Company Depositary and Corporate Technologies is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

28. Limited Liability Company Special Depository Partner is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

29. Limited Liability Company Specialized Depository Company Garant is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

30. Moskovskii Fondovyi Tsentr is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

31. National Custodial Company Stock Closed Corporation is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

32. Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetsvennostyu Oboronregistr is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

33. OOO Partner is a registrar based in Cherepovets, Russia.

34. OOO Reestr RN is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

35. OOO Registrator Garant is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

36. Registrator KRTS is a registrar based in Krasnodar, Russia.

37. Spetsializirovannyi Depozitarii Depo Plaza is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

38. Spetsializirovannyi Registrator Rekom is a registrar based in Staryy Oskol, Russia.

39. Tsentr Ucheta i Registratsii is a registrar based in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

40. Yuzhno Regionalnyi Registrator is a registrar based in Rostov-na-Donu, Russia.

41. Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Pervyi Spetsializirovannyi Depozitarii is a registrar based in Moscow, Russia.

名单三——CBR 官员

以下俄罗斯公民是俄罗斯联邦中央银行 （CBR） 的官员，该银行受 14024 号行政令第 1 号和第 4 号指令的约束，并根据第 14024 号行政令被指定为在俄罗斯联邦经济的金融服务部门经营或曾经经营的企业：

1. Alla Bakina (Bakina) is the Director of the National Payment System Department of the CBR and is responsible for modernizing CBR payment systems. Bakina is involved in expanding the reach of Russia’s System for Transfer of Financial Messages (SPFS) and Faster Payments System (SBP). 

2. Vladimir Chistyukhin has been a First Deputy Governor of the CBR since 2022 and a Member of the Board of Directors of the CBR since 2023.

3. Elizaveta Danilova is Director of the Financial Stability Department at the CBR and has been a Member of the Board of Directors of the CBR since 2023.

4. Gulnara Khaidarshina is the Director of the Department for Cooperation with International Organizations at the CBR.

5. Mikhail Anatolyevich Kovrigin is the Director of the International Settlements Department at the CBR.

6. Ekaterina Lozgacheva has been the Director of the Financial Market Strategy Department of the CBR since 2023 and previously served in other positions at the CBR dating back to 2011.

7. Alexandr Morozov has been the Director of the Research and Forecasting Department at the CBR since 2015.

8. Olga Vasilyevna Polyakova has been a Deputy Governor of the CBR since 2016 and a Member of the Board of Directors of the CBR since 2021.

9. Kirill Pronin (Pronin) is the Director of the Financial Market Infrastructure at the CBR. Pronin was previously Director of the CBR’s Department of Financial Technologies.

10. Bogdan Shablya is head of the CBR’s Financial Monitoring and Currency Control Department and has worked at the CBR for more than 25 years.

11. Dmitry Tulin is a First Deputy Governor of the CBR and has been a Member of the Board of Directors of the CBR since 2020.

名单四——VTB 上海和 SBERBANK 新德里员工、还有Gaz 银行和 6 家分支机构

1. Andrei Anisimov is Sberbank New Delhi’s Deputy Managing Director. 

2. Elena Fedkina is a VTB Shanghai Relationship Manager. 

3. Ilya Lishenko is VTB Shanghai’s Senior Relationship Manager. 

4. Roman Logov is VTB Shanghai’s Deputy General Manager.